What type of research could result in group harms by stigmatizing non-participating members of a group?

The most suitable answer involves a study of the types and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in small rural towns. This type of research has the potential to stigmatize non-participating members of the community because it inherently addresses sensitive topics that can be deeply personal and carry societal stigma.

In small rural areas, where community ties are often strong and individual privacy may be more limited, research focusing on STIs can lead to negative perceptions about individuals who do not participate. Those non-participating individuals might be viewed as having a lack of health awareness or as being more likely to harbor social stigma associated with STIs, even if this is not the case. Thus, the mere discussion and examination of STIs can inadvertently result in a stigma that affects the entire community, leading to feelings of exclusion or judgment for those who do not take part in the research.

In contrast, while the other options might involve sensitive topics as well, they do not directly carry the same risk of stigmatization for non-participants. The dietary habits survey or asthma medication trial may not directly put pressure or stigma on those who choose not to participate, as these topics do not usually invoke the same level of public scrutiny or personal shame as issues surrounding STIs