What does "non-maleficence" mean in a research context?

Non-maleficence, in a research context, refers to the ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of avoiding harm to participants during the research process. This principle is foundational in ethical research design and practice, as it requires researchers to carefully consider the potential risks that their study may pose to individuals involved.

Researchers are responsible for the safety and well-being of their participants, which means they must take proactive measures to minimize any possible harm that could result from participation. This includes assessing risks, implementing safety protocols, and ensuring that the benefits of the research outweigh any potential negative consequences. By adhering to the principle of non-maleficence, researchers uphold their ethical obligations and help maintain trust in the research process.

Other concepts, although important in their own rights, do not specifically encapsulate non-maleficence. For instance, ensuring that participants receive benefits aligns more closely with the principle of beneficence, while mutual respect among researchers pertains to the ethical standards of professional conduct rather than the direct treatment of participants. Lastly, the obligation to publish all findings touches on transparency and accountability in research but does not address the imperative to protect participants from harm, which is the essence of non-maleficence.