What does "beneficence" mean in the context of research ethics?

In the context of research ethics, "beneficence" refers to the ethical principle that emphasizes maximizing benefits and minimizing potential harms to participants involved in research studies. This principle is fundamental to ensuring that research practices prioritize the welfare of participants and promote positive outcomes.

When researchers apply the principle of beneficence, they are actively considering the risks involved in their studies and implementing measures to safeguard participants from harm. This involves designing studies that not only aim to yield valuable information but also take into account the physical, psychological, and social well-being of those who participate. By prioritizing the balance between potential benefits and risks, researchers can foster trust and encourage ethical standards in their research practices.

The other options do not align with the principles of beneficence in the ethical framework of research. While minimizing study costs, encouraging competition among researchers, or focusing on quantitative measures may have relevance in different contexts, they do not directly address the ethical responsibility to protect and benefit research participants.