In conducting a study on students, what is the least risky option for data reporting?

Summarizing survey results without including grades is the least risky option for data reporting when conducting a study on students. This approach prioritizes the privacy and confidentiality of individual students while still allowing researchers to convey meaningful findings from the data collected. By summarizing results, researchers can provide insights into trends or patterns without exposing sensitive or identifiable information about individual participants.

The other choices present higher risks to student privacy. Publishing all individual grades could lead to the identification of specific students, violating ethical standards related to confidentiality. Providing a detailed account of personal student lives may also compromise their privacy and could lead to ethical concerns regarding consent and the potential for harm. Sharing raw data may enhance transparency, but it could also inadvertently reveal identifiable information about individual students, making it a riskier option. Therefore, summarizing results is the most appropriate method for balancing data reporting with ethical considerations in this context.